From the GMC Sierra, to the Honda Prelude, all-wheel steering has been offered in many different vehicles of all shapes and sizes for the past few decades. While four-wheel steering is not a new concept in cars, it has seen a resurgence in the last few years.

Four-wheel steering technology is beneficial because it increases the vehicle’s steering response time and helps keep the vehicle stable at higher speeds. With all four wheels steering, instead of only the front two, this technology offers unprecedented control and maneuverability. That being said 4 wheel steering takes some getting used to.

The Advantages of Four-Wheel Steering

Better Steering Response:

With four-wheel steering, your vehicle will undoubtedly respond faster when turning and switching lanes. More precise and controllable steering is safer for you, fellow drivers, and pedestrians. While it might not make a world of difference in everyday driving scenarios, it can when an unexpected obstacle is in your way.

Cornering Stability 

When the roads are wet or icy, some corners can be quite challenging. Four-wheel steering will help your car complete corner turns with stability and control. With all four wheels turning, you’re less likely to fishtail or get stuck.

Tighter Turning 

Four-wheel steering means all wheels steer. It doesn’t mean that they all have to turn the same way, though! When you’re able to turn the rear wheels in the opposite direction of your front wheels, this allows you to complete smaller circular turns at lower speeds.

Better on Tougher Terrains 

Canadian winters can be pretty brutal. We’re all aware of the benefits of four-wheel driving in the snow, but four-wheel steering can be equally helpful. If you’re stuck in a patch of snow or hit ice while driving, four-wheel steering can help you re-gain control more quickly potentially saving you from an accident, with accompanying repairs. No one like to see their vehicle on the back of a tow truck !!

 

Straight Line Stability

When you’re driving your vehicle on a straight road, four-wheel steering can still help. The system will give you the best stability imaginable and will let you handle potholes and high winds with minimal swaying.

Changing Lanes

When you’re cruising on the highway and you need to change lanes quickly, all-wheel steering works like a dream. You can easily cross over without turning the wheel much at all and won’t need to accelerate as much to maintain your speed.

 

The Disadvantages of Four-Wheel Steering

The Price Tag

As safe and useful as four-wheel steering systems can be, they also tend to be reserved for higher-end makes and models. They require a lot more components and calibration than traditional steering systems, and this carries an accompanying cost.

For reference, if we look at the cars currently offering four-wheel steering. Audi, BMW, Lexus, Porsche, Lamborghini, Ferrari, Mercedes, and Acura all have car models that offer four-wheel steering. They’re all also Import vehicle manufacturers which tend to be more expensive to purchase and maintain overall.

Potential Repairs 

we want you to be aware of what you’re getting into. Since four-wheel steering systems have many mechanical and electrical components, if one malfunctions, your entire steering system could be compromised. Since they are more complex, four-wheel steering systems also tend to take more time to repair. While these costs may not be a deal breaker for a Ferrari driver, it’s something you’ll want to account for if it’s a car that is your daily driver.

What are the disadvantages of 4-wheel steering?

4-wheel steering (4WS) is a system that allows all four wheels of a vehicle to steer, improving maneuverability and handling. While it offers several advantages, such as improved cornering, stability, and reduced turning radius, there are some potential disadvantages to consider:

1. Increased Complexity

• More Components: 4WS systems require additional components such as extra steering linkages, hydraulic or electric actuators, and sensors, which can increase the complexity of the vehicle’s steering system.
• Maintenance and Repairs: The added complexity can lead to more potential points of failure. If one part of the system fails (e.g., the actuator or steering linkages), it can be more expensive to repair or replace than a traditional two-wheel steering system.
• Cost: Vehicles with 4WS systems are typically more expensive to purchase and maintain due to the additional technology and parts involved.

2. Potential for Malfunctions

• Failure of Electronic or Hydraulic Systems: 4WS systems often rely on electronic or hydraulic systems, which may malfunction. A failure in the electronic control unit (ECU), sensors, or hydraulic pumps could result in steering problems or the system ceasing to function properly.
• Steering Conflicts: If the system is not functioning properly, it may cause conflicts between the front and rear steering, which could make the vehicle harder to control or steer.

3. Steering Feel and Feedback

• Artificial Steering Feel: Some drivers find that 4WS systems alter the natural feel and feedback of the steering, making it feel less connected to the road. The system may sometimes feel too “over-assisted” or overly responsive, reducing the driving experience for some.
• Learning Curve: Drivers may take some time to get used to the different handling characteristics of a 4WS-equipped vehicle, particularly in tight spaces or when navigating low-speed maneuvers.

4. Weight and Space

• Additional Weight: The 4WS system adds weight to the vehicle, which can negatively affect fuel efficiency and performance, especially in smaller or lighter vehicles.
• Space Requirements: The system requires additional space within the vehicle for components like actuators and linkages, potentially reducing available cargo space or creating packaging challenges for manufacturers.

5. Increased Costs

• Higher Repair Costs: Repairing or replacing parts of a 4WS system can be expensive, especially if the vehicle is out of warranty. The specialized parts may not be as readily available as those for standard steering systems.
• Expensive Upkeep: Regular maintenance costs may be higher than those for vehicles with traditional steering systems, particularly if there are issues with the system’s hydraulic or electronic components.

6. Limited Availability and Specific Use Cases

• Not Common in All Vehicles: While 4WS systems are available on certain high-end cars and performance vehicles, they are not as widespread as traditional steering systems. This limits the choice of vehicles for consumers who want 4WS.
• Not Always Necessary: In some cases, the benefits of 4WS may not be needed for everyday driving. For example, in urban environments, the reduced turning radius might be useful, but it may not justify the added cost and complexity for drivers who rarely need to maneuver in tight spaces.

7. Reduced Durability in Harsh Conditions

• Off-Road Limitations: In off-road vehicles, 4WS can sometimes cause issues in rough terrain, as the added complexity of the system can be more prone to damage from off-road conditions. Additionally, the system might not be as durable in extreme conditions as simpler steering setups.
• Vulnerability in Poor Weather: Some 4WS systems may not function as well in extremely cold or hot weather conditions, depending on the fluid or electronic components used. For example, the hydraulic fluid in some systems can become less effective in very cold temperatures.

8. Confusion for Drivers

• Unfamiliarity: For drivers who are used to traditional 2WS systems, 4WS can sometimes be confusing or uncomfortable, especially when driving in tight spaces or making sudden turns. The rear wheels turning in the opposite direction can feel strange until the driver adjusts.

Conclusion

4-wheel steering provides significant benefits in terms of maneuverability and stability, especially for high-performance or heavy vehicles. However, its complexity, potential for malfunctions, higher cost of maintenance, and possible steering feel issues mean it may not be ideal for every driver or driving situation. Before deciding on a vehicle with 4WS, it’s important to weigh the advantages against these possible disadvantages.